winds “breaking forth upon [ל] the great sea” or similar (KJV, Darby, LXX [Old Greek]). H-stem forms are more likely transitive than intransitive. The “four huge beasts” (v. 3) represent four kings who arise “from the earth” (v. 17), also called kingdoms (v. 23). That the empires are symbolized by ravenous beasts coming out of a churning sea is clearly derogatory, warning God’s people that they are dangerous. The imagery (vv. 4–7) of lion, a bear, a leopard, and an unidentified vicious beast may